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Demographic problem in Greece

Question écrite de M. Emmanouil KEFALOGIANNIS - Commission européenne

Question de M. Emmanouil KEFALOGIANNIS,

Diffusée le 14 octobre 2018

Subject: Demographic problem in Greece

In recent years, in addition to the serious economic problems that it is facing, Greece has also had to face the extremely significant problem of demographics. This problem is gradually affecting the whole of the European Union.

Since 2011, for the first time in the post-war period, Greece’s population has been growing older. Fewer new citizens are being born in Greece than the numbers that are dying. And all the forecasts in the studies range from exceptionally pessimistic to poor.

Systematically low birth rates (1.26 per couple) and longer life expectancy are transforming the make- up of the demographic pyramid into a much older population.

In order to keep the population stable, the fertility rate has to be more than 2.1 children per couple.

According to estimates, by 2050, Greece’s population will have dropped to 8.3 million, with a corresponding reduction in the number of school-age children. And the potentially economically active population will fall from 7 million in 2015 to 4.8 - 5.5 million.

1. Is the Commission aware of the facts above?

2. What action does it plan to take in order to prevent the gradual ageing of the population, both in Greece and in Europe as a whole?

3. What European funds have been earmarked to address low birth rates?

Réponse - Commission européenne

Diffusée le 9 janvier 2019

Joint answer given by Ms Thyssen on behalf of the European Commission (10 January 2019)

The Commission is aware of the current demographic trends in Greece and Europe in general (1). Estimations of future demographic dependency are based on Eurostat population projections (2). According to these projections, the demographic dependency ratio (3) will increase in the EU from 30% in 2017 to 52% in 2060. For Greece, this ratio will increase from 34% in 2017 to 68% in 2060.

The Commission has published detailed data for similar ratios in ‘The 2018 Ageing Report’ (4).

⋅1∙ For an example, please see the Employment and social Development in Europe review on ‘intergenerational fairness and solidarity in Europe’. Link:

http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=738&furtherPubs=yes&langId=en&pubId=8030 ⋅2∙ https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&plugin=1&pcode=tps00200&language=en ⋅3∙ Defined as the ratio of the number of people aged 65 or over and the number of people of working age (15 to 64) ⋅4∙ https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/economy-finance/ip079_en.pdf, page 24








| | ) The Commission supports national efforts to address challenges linked to population ageing in many ways. It promotes policy initiatives at EU level such as the initiative on work-life balance (5) (with results of a 2018 Eurobarometer survey (6) showing that Greece is among the Member States lagging behind in this area).

It outlines sustainability (7) and adequacy (8) scenarios on ageing to guide national policy-making. It also fosters reforms in this area via its draft country-specific recommendations. Following the end of its economic adjustment programme, Greece is involved in this process as a part of the Semester cycle, since November 2018.

The European Social Fund (ESF) supports actions designed to address work-life balance, improve employment opportunities of parents involved and promote access to quality childcare. In particular, EUR 580 million have been earmarked in the programming period 2014-2020 for the objective ‘Reconciliation of professional and family life’ under the Human Resources Development, Education and Lifelong Learning Operational Programme and the Regional Operational Programmes.

The ESF also funds projects and schemes under the Youth Guarantee (9), whose purpose is to support young people under 25 to help their integration into the labour market.

⋅5∙ http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=1311&langId=en

⋅6∙ See: Flash Eurobarometer 470 — Work-Life Balance, June-July 2018

⋅7∙ https://ec.europa.eu/info/publications/economy-finance/2018-ageing-report-economic-and-budgetary-projections-eu-member-states-2016-2070_en

⋅8∙ http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=738&langId=en&pubId=8084&furtherPubs=yes

⋅9∙ http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=1079









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